Clinical Cases

1. Step 1

   Patient presentation

   Who the patient is and why they are here.

2. Step 2

   History

   Including function, medicines and social context.

3. Step 3

   Clinical examination

   Findings that change the picture.

4. Step 4

   Investigations

   What to order and what came back.

5. Step 5

   Questions for you

   Choose an answer before the explanation appears.

6. Step 6

   Diagnosis

   The working diagnosis and how it was reached.

7. Step 7

   Differential diagnosis

   What else it could be, and why less likely.

8. Step 8

   Management

   The plan, step by step.

9. Step 9

   Geriatric considerations

   Frailty, function, goals of care and medicines.

10. Step 10

    Learning points

    What to remember for the wards and the exam.

• Beginner

  Classic presentations of common geriatric syndromes.

• Intermediate

  Multimorbidity, competing priorities and atypical presentations.

• Advanced

  Pro · free in beta

  Complex decisions, uncertainty and ethical trade-offs.

You will be able to bookmark cases, mark them complete and see your performance — saved with the rest of your progress.

• Falls

  Evaluating a fall, finding modifiable risk factors and preventing the next one.

  1 case →

• Delirium

  Recognising acute confusion, finding the triggers and managing on the ward.

  1 case →

• Dementia

  Diagnosis, behavioural symptoms, capacity and support for carers.

  1 case →

• Frailty

  Identifying frailty and tailoring care to it.

  1 case →

• Sarcopenia

  Finding, confirming and treating loss of muscle strength and mass.

  1 case →

• Insomnia

  Chronic insomnia, CBT-I and safer use of sleeping tablets.

  1 case →

• Polypharmacy

  Medication review, prescribing cascades and deprescribing decisions.

  1 case →

• Urinary incontinence

  Classifying incontinence and choosing a management plan.

  1 case →

• Malnutrition

  Weight loss, nutritional assessment and intervention.

  1 case →

• Constipation

  Chronic constipation, impaction and safe laxative choices.

  1 case →

• Depression

  Late-life depression, risk assessment and treatment choices.

  1 case →

• Parkinsonism

  Distinguishing parkinsonian syndromes and managing complications.

  1 case →

• Stroke

  Acute stroke, secondary prevention and rehabilitation in older adults.

  1 case →

• Osteoporosis

  Fracture risk, bone health and treatment decisions.

  1 case →

• Syncope

  Transient loss of consciousness and orthostatic hypotension.

  1 case →

• Heart failure

  Heart failure with multimorbidity and frailty.

  1 case →

• Diabetes in older adults

  Individualised targets, hypoglycaemia and treatment de-intensification.

  1 case →

• Multimorbidity

  Prioritising care across several long-term conditions.

  1 case →

• Cancer screening

  Deciding which screening tests an older person still needs.

  1 case →

• Myelodysplastic neoplasms

  Unexplained cytopenias, dysplasia and classifying MDS.

  1 case →

• Elder abuse

  Recognising abuse and neglect and responding safely.

  1 case →

• End-of-life care

  Recognising the last phase of life and planning care.

  1 case →

• Palliative care

  Symptom control and communication in serious illness.

  1 case →